To find number of functions and methods defined for a class 
print(dir(object of class))
eg: print(dir(car1))

def welcome(msg)->str:
    """
    Description: This function will show a welcome message
    

    Return : This function will return the welcome message 
    """

    return msg

msg=welcome("Welcome all")
print(msg + "Please subscribe")

# Custom Exception
class Error(Exception):
    pass

class dobException(Error):
    pass

class customgeneric(Error):
    pass
year=int(input("Enter the year of Birth "))
age=2021-year
try:
    if age<=30 & age>20:
        print("The age is valid. You can apply for the exams")
    else:
        raise dobException
except dobException:
    print("The age is not within the range. You cannot apply for the exams")
    
Enter the year of Birth 1986
The year age is not within the range. You cannot apply for the exams

##complex numbers
j=1.0-2.3j
j

first_name="Krish"
last_name="Naik"
print("The first name is {a} and last name is {b}".format(b=last_name,a=first_name))

a="Krish"
b="Krish"
print(id(a))
print(id(b))

lst=[1,2,3]
lst1=[1,2,3]
print(id(lst))
print(id(lst1))

print(my_str.isalnum()) #check if all char are numbers \\
print(my_str.isalpha()) #check if all char in the string are alphabetic    \\
print(my_str.isdigit()) #test if string contains digits    \\
print(my_str.istitle()) #test if string contains title words   \\
print(my_str.isupper()) #test if string contains upper case    \\
print(my_str.islower()) #test if string contains lower case    \\
print(my_str.isspace()) #test if string contains spaces    \\
print(my_str.endswith('k')) #test if string endswith a d   \\
print(my_str.startswith('K')) #test if string startswith H \\

numbers=[1,2,3,4,5]
squard_numbers=[i**2 for i in numbers]
print(squard_numbers)

## Generating a list of all the divisors of a number:

number =36
[i for i in range(1,number+1) if number%i==0]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36]

## Generating a list of all the prime number:
number = 10
result = [2]
prime_num = [result.append(i) for i in range(3, number+1) if not [x for x in result if i%x == 0]]
print(result)

## Map function
l = [1,2,3,4,5,6,,7,8,9]

cube_lst = [map(lambda x: x*x*x, l)]

## Filter function
new_list = [filter(lambda x: x>4, l)] # lambda x: x>4 return bool value

## Higher order function are those that take function as argument
## Reduce function
from functools import reduce
l = [1,2,3,4,5]
# it will apply function to all elements and give sibngular output
sum = reduce(lambda x,y: x+y, l)
sum = 15

### try else finally
try:
    ##code block where exception can occur
    a=int(input("Enter the number 1 "))
    b=int(input("Enter the number 2 "))
    c=a/b
    
except NameError:
    print("The user have not defined the variable")
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Please provide number greater than 0")
except TypeError:
    print("Try to make the datatype similar")
except Exception as ex:
    print(ex)
else:
    print(c)
finally:
    print("The execution is done")

math.ceil(43.67)
44
math.ceil(-44.5)
-44
math.floor(43.9)
43
math.floor(-56.9)
-57
math.log(65.5)
4.182050142641207
math.log10(40)
1.6020599913279623
import math
math.pow(20,5)
3200000.0

math.modf()

lst
[1, 2, 3, 4]
lst.pop(2)
3

>def hello(*args, **kwargs):                                    
>   print(args) 
>   print(kwargs)   
>   
>hello("Rutvik", "Joshi", age = 23, dob = 696969)   

lst = ["Rutvik", "Joshi"]   
dict = {'age' : 23, 'dob' : 696969}     
hello(lst, dict)    

>hello(*lst, **dict) 

def even_odd(num):
    if i%2==0:
        return "{}num is even".format(num)
    else:
        return "{}num is odd".format(num)
    
list_num=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
list(map(even_odd, list_num))